Iraq and the Crimes of Aggressive War: The Legal Cynicism of Criminal Militarism (Cambridge Studies in Law and Society) by John Hagan & Joshua Kaiser & Anna Hanson

Author:John Hagan & Joshua Kaiser & Anna Hanson [Hagan, John]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2015-06-29T23:00:00+00:00

Figure 4.5. Annual Economic Losses in Baghdad, by Year of First Violation

Respondents reported monetary losses resulting from blackmail, payments for kidnapping/ransom, medical expenses related to violence, expenses related to changing houses because of security concerns, losses of businesses, homes, furniture, or cars, and any other large, unexpected expenses since the invasion. Losses were converted into 2008 U.S. dollars. The estimates we present in Figure 4.5 and Table 4.1 exclude outlying losses beyond the ninety-ninth percentile, removing the highest and perhaps least reliably reported losses. However, we also conducted an analysis that includes all outliers (see Hagan et al. 2012). In order to account for the possibility of unrepresentativeness in estimating monetary losses, we weighted CVI results according to each neighborhood’s population and proportion of victimization reported in GP.

Table 4.1. Estimate of total economic losses to victims in post-invasion Iraq circa 2003–2008, in USD

Estimated total losses to victimsb

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